The welfare program is now called Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), and is governed by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Administration for Children and Families. The program is designed to provide financial assistance to single mothers earning less than the poverty level. To receive TANF benefits, you must apply with your state and meet the minimum qualifications.

Instructions
Visit your local Department of Human Services office and pick up an application. You can also access visit acf.hhs.gov to locate your state's phone number. The operator will give you the contact information and address of the office nearest you.
Complete the application. You will need to include name, Social Security number, date of birth, income and expenses for all household members. Return the application to the office and request an appointment. You will receive a time and a list of items you must bring. These may include proof of income, expenses, identity and other documents related to information in your application.
Go to the appointment. A caseworker will review your application and ask any pertinent questions. She will explain the program to you and how it works. Ask any questions you have. If the caseworker needs additional proof, she will give you a list of items and a deadline to return the documents.
Wait for your benefits to begin. This will happen once the application is processed, retroactive to the date you turned in your application. You will receive an Electronic Benefits Card to which your money will be added. It works like a debit card; you can withdraw cash using a PIN.