Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corp., 400 U.S. 542 (1971), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, an employer may not, in the absence of business necessity, refuse to hire women wi

Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 677 (1973), was an landmark United States Supreme Court case which decided that benefits given by the United States military to the family of service members cannot be given out differently because of gender

United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515 (1996), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the Virginia Military Institute's long-standing male-only admission policy in a 7-1 decision. (Justice Clarence Thomas recused himself fr

Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190 (1976), was the first case in which a majority of theUnited States Supreme Court determined that statutory or administrative sex classifications had to be subjected to an intermediate standard of judicial review. (For more on