Early life and education
William Shawn was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Benjiman T. and Anna (née Bransky) Chon. He was the youngest of five siblings including Harold Irwin (1892–1967), Melba (born 1894), Nelson Allen (born 1898), and Myron Edward Chon (1902–1987). Chon dropped out of the University of Michigan after two years (1925–1927) and began working.

Career

Early years
He traveled to Las Vegas, New Mexico where he worked at the local newspaper, the Optic. He returned to Chicago and worked as a journalist. Around 1930 he changed the spelling of his last name to Shawn.
In 1932, he and his wife, Cecille, went to New York City, where he tried to start a career as a composer.

At The New Yorker
Soon after their arrival in New York City, Cecille took a fact checking job at The New Yorker magazine, and her husband began working there in 1933. He would stay at the magazine for 53 years.

As assistant editor
Shawn rose to assistant editor of The New Yorker and oversaw the magazine's coverage of World War II. In 1946, he persuaded the magazine's founder and editor, Harold Ross, to run John Hersey's story about the atomic bombing of Hiroshima as the entire contents of one issue. He left for a few months shortly after that to write on his own, but soon returned.

As editor
A few weeks after Ross died in December 1951, Shawn was named editor.
Shawn's quiet style was a marked contrast to Ross's noisy manner. Whereas Ross constantly wrote letters to his contributors, Shawn hated to share anything, especially on paper. His shyness was office (and New York) legend, as were his claustrophobia and fear of elevators; many of his colleagues maintain that he carried a hatchet in his briefcase, in case he became trapped. He was secretive, aloof, and cryptic about his plans for the magazine and its contents.
Shawn would buy articles and then not run them for years, if ever. Members of the staff were given offices and salaries even if they produced little for the magazine; Joseph Mitchell, at one time a writer whose work appeared regularly, continued to come to his office from 1965 until his death in 1996 without ever publishing another word. But Shawn did give writers vast amounts of space to cover their subjects, and nearly all of them spoke reverently of him. J.D. Salinger in particular, adored him, and dedicated Franny and Zooey to Shawn.^[1]

Later years
When Advance Publications bought the magazine in 1985, the new owners promised that the magazine's editorship would not change hands until Shawn chose to retire. But speculation about Shawn's successor, a longtime topic of publishing-world chatter, grew. Shawn had been editor for a very long time, and the usual criticism of the magazine—that it had become stale and dull—was growing more pointed. Advance chairman S.I. Newhouse forced Shawn out in February 1987, and—after reportedly telling Shawn that he would honor his request to name his deputy Charles McGrath to succeed him—replaced Shawn with Robert Gottlieb, the editor-in-chief at the well-regarded book publisher Alfred A. Knopf.
Shawn was given office space in the Brill Building by Saturday Night Live executive producer Lorne Michaels, a longtime admirer, and soon took an editorship at Farrar, Straus and Giroux, a largely honorary post that he held until his death in New York City in 1992.

Awards and achievements
In 1988, he received the Polk Award.

Personal life
Shawn married Cecille Lyon (1906–2005) in 1928, and the couple had three children. One is the writer and character actor Wallace Shawn. The other son, Allen Shawn, a composer, is married to pianist Yoshiko Sato. Allen's twin sister, Mary, is autistic and resides at an institution in Delaware. In 2007 Allen Shawn published a memoir, Wish I Could Be There, centering on his own phobias.
In 1996, William Shawn's longtime New Yorker colleague Lillian Ross revealed in a memoir that she and Shawn had engaged in an extramarital affair from 1950 until his death, with Mrs. Shawn's knowledge. Ross reported that Shawn was active in the upbringing of Ross's adopted son, Erik.

Influences and legacy
In 1998, Indian author Ved Mehta, who had worked with Shawn at The New Yorker for almost three decades, published a biography of Shawn entitled Remembering Mr. Shawn's New Yorker: The Invisible Art of Editing.
Shawn was portrayed in the 2005 film Capote by Bob Balaban.

Further information

• History of The New Yorker under Shawn
• William Shawn's biography and career