From the 1970s, Adelson lived in Massachusetts with his wife, Sandra, and their three adopted children, Mitchell, Gary and Shelley. They divorced in 1988. Mitchell died of a drug overdose in 2005.
 
Adelson met his current wife Miriam Ochsorn (nee Farbstein) on a blind date the following year and married in 1991. Miriam is an Israeli physician specializing in drug abuse treatment. She was previously married to a Tel Aviv physician, Dr. Ariel Ochshorn, with whom she had two daughters.