U.S. Route 54 is a north–south United States highway that runs northeast-southwest for 1,197 miles (1,926 km) from western Illinois to El Paso, Texas. It enters and leaves Texas twice. Union Pacific's Tucumcari Line runs parallel to US-54 from El Paso to Wichita, Kansas, which comprises about two-thirds of the route.

As of 2004, the highway's eastern terminus is Griggsville, Illinois, at Interstate 72 and Illinois Route 107. Its western terminus is El Paso, near the United States-Mexico border.