If my I-601A Provisional Waiver application is approved, does that guarantee that I will be granted my immigrant visa at the consulate?
 
No. The approval of the I-601A provisional waiver of the 3 or 10 year unlawful presence bar for not guarantee that the consular officer will find the foreign national eligible for the immigrant visa. The foreign national must still show the consular officer that they are otherwise eligible for the immigrant visa. If the consular officer determines that the foreign national is inadmissible under a ground of inadmissibility other than the 3 or 10 year bar under 212(a)(9)(B), they will deny the visa. It may be that the foreign national would be eligible to apply for a waiver of inadmissibility for this additional bar, but this would require the filing and approval of a new waiver application. Furthermore, the consular officer can request that USCIS review the provisional waiver approval if the officer becomes aware of new factors which reflect on whether Extreme Hardship to a qualifying relative continues to exist.