In accordance with U.S. Immigration Law, there are certain requirements that must first be met in order for an alien to qualify for a National Interest Waiver. Below is a list of the application requirements and an explanation of each.

NIW Minimum Requirements: “Advanced Degree” or “Exceptional Abilities”
At a minimum, to qualify for a National Interest Waiver (NIW) the applicant must hold an advanced degree – (1) an academic or professional U.S. degree above the baccalaureate level, or (2) a foreign degree equivalent that is above the U.S. baccalaureate level.

In the absence of an advanced degree, a U.S. Bachelor’s degree or foreign equivalent plus at least five years of progressive experience in the alien’s profession is considered the equivalent of a U.S. Master's degree. In the alternative, the applicant may also claim exceptional ability, a degree of expertise significantly above that ordinarily encountered in the alien’s profession.

However, as the Administrative Appeals Office (“AAO,” the appellate body reviewing USCIS decisions) states, whether an alien seeks classification as an alien of exceptional ability or as a member of the professions holding an advanced degree, the alien cannot qualify for an NIW merely by demonstrating a degree of expertise significantly above that ordinarily encountered in his or her field of expertise.

Instead, specific criteria must also be met to obtain a NIW, which include the following:

NIW Standard: NYSDOT Case
In order to qualify for a National Interest Waiver (NIW), an applicant must satisfy the requirements of the three-prong test laid out in New York State Dept. of Transportation, 22 I&N Dec. 215 (Comm. 1998) (“NYSDOT”):
• The beneficiary must seek to work in an area of substantial intrinsic merit;
• The beneficiary’s work must have a benefit which will be national in scope;
• The beneficiary must serve the national interest to a substantially greater degree than would an available U.S. worker having the same minimum qualifications. The national interest would be adversely affected if a labor certification were required for the beneficiary.

Brief Case Study
In the NYSDOT case, the beneficiary was a civil engineer from India who specialized in bridge engineering projects for NYSDOT. NYSDOT filed an immigrant petition for the engineer requesting a National Interest Waiver. The case appeared to be persuasive; the petition included several testimonials about the beneficiary’s excellent engineering skills and how his expertise was in short supply and was important to the U.S. (given the importance of bridges and their safety). However, USCIS denied the petition, and the AAO denied a subsequent appeal as well.

Several reasons were given as to why the petition was denied. First, according to the AAO, a petitioner cannot establish qualification for an NIW based solely on the importance of the beneficiary's occupation. While the Associate Commissioner acknowledged that engineering is a field of substantial intrinsic merit, this fact alone did not suffice to grant the waiver. Neither did the acceptance by the Associate Commissioner that while the beneficiary's employment was limited to a particular geographic area, New York's bridges and roads connect the state to the national transportation system and hence the prospective benefit was national in scope. The Associate Commissioner summarizes the determinative issue in the case as follows:

“The issue in this case is not whether proper bridge maintenance is in the national interest, but rather whether this particular beneficiary, to a greater extent than U.S. workers having the same minimum qualifications, plays a significant role in the preservation and construction of bridges.”

Finding that the beneficiary did not meet this part of the test, the Associate Commissioner explained, “It cannot suffice to state that the alien possesses useful skills, or a unique background regardless of the alien's particular experience or skills, even assuming they are unique, the benefit the alien's skills or background will provide to the United States must also considerably outweigh the inherent national interest in protecting U.S. workers through the labor certification process.”

Qualifying for a National Interest Waiver
The occupations that qualify for a National Interest Waiver are not defined by statute. However, each of the three prongs mentioned above must be met to qualify for an NIW. The following are more detailed explanations of the three prong requirements:

• Work in an area of “substantial intrinsic merit” means work in a field that is valuable to the national interest of the U.S. Research in any scientific field, for example, can be said to have substantial intrinsic merit to the national interest of the U.S. Likewise, a sociologist studying demographic trends relating to the 2010 U.S. Census can argue that she seeks work in an area of substantial intrinsic merit; or an educational policy expert can show that his field has substantial intrinsic merit due to its capacity to improve society through education. This criterion is not difficult to meet.

• The applicant’s work, if successful, benefits the U.S. nationally in scope, means that an applicant’s work cannot have merely a limited regional impact. An applicant who has published their research can always show that their work has a national scope since academic publications are disseminated nationally and internationally. In the absence of publications, an applicant can show that the impact of their work is national in scope.
For example, a petroleum engineer can argue that her work impacts the entire U.S. in terms of energy supply and refinery safety.

• National Interest would be adversely affected if a Labor Certification were required for the alien. USCIS interprets this to mean that the benefit of an applicant’s work to the U.S. is so great as to outweigh the nation's inherent interest in protecting U.S. workers by requiring aliens to undergo the Labor Certification process. This is the most difficult requirement of the three to satisfy; therefore, we will discuss this in more detail below.
How to Successfully Meet the Third requirement:

• The alien must submit evidence to establish that he/she has a past (as opposed to projected) record of specific prior achievement in the field. It is this record of past achievement that USCIS believes is what justifies projections of future benefit to the national interest. This criterion can be met through tangible achievements such as publications and research achievements, the significance of which is brought out through objective criteria such as numbers of first-authored publications and independent citations as well as subjective criteria such as testimony by independent recommenders.

• The alien must also establish, in some capacity, their ability to serve the national interest to a substantially greater extent than the majority of the alien’s professional peers. This criterion is largely brought out through testimony by recommenders drawing from evidence of specific prior achievements.

• The alien must demonstrate, to some degree, their influence on their field of employment as a whole. This is shown through objective criteria such as citations, downloads, and commercialization of patents as well as testimony by recommenders.