Chinese historical records of Chinese arriving the Americas
USINFO | 2013-10-23 16:27

 

Chinese historical records today are indeed arrive the Americas, is the beginning of the seventeenth century:

1785 ︰ three Chinese seamen arrived in Baltimore [Baltimore] Hong Kong, is the first Chinese American immigration records.

1815 ︰ Canadian province today, it is still Mexican territory, the Chinese are in this discrepancy, operating a small business.

1843 ︰ USCIS record of the Chinese immigrants living there forty-three United States (excluding the Province of Canada was still Mexico State).

1849 ︰ Canadian provinces classified U.S. Department of Homeland year after a total of seven hundred and eighty Chinese population, tend to live near the city of San Francisco. To 1850 year San Francisco Chinese population increased to four thousand and eighteen people, many Chinese began into mine gold.

1850 ︰ Canadian provinces enacted legislation to prohibit Chinese provinces in Canada Provincial Court cases concerning whites witness. Exclusion of Chinese miners events, spit Long province in Canada] [Tuolome County happen.

1851 ︰ Chinese from the Pearl River Delta which set up their mutual aid organizations. 1851 "Three Yap Hall" was established, the members of the South China Sea, Panyu, Shunde three Yap persons; same year "Four Counties Hall" was established as a new member of Ning (Taishan), Xinhui, Kaiping, Enping, Heshan, Yap will wait four persons (1853 Four Counties Hall branch; "ningyang Hall" was established as a new member surnamed Ning Yi Ren except [She]). 1852 "Yang and Hall" was established, the members of Xiangshan (Zhongshan), Dongguan, Zengcheng Yi Ren; 1853 "Xin Hall" (later renamed "and Hall") was established for the Xin'an, Jiaying other Hakka people. 1862, "Four Counties Hall" disintegrate into two great hall ︰ "Hopewell Hall" for the new Ning She surname,Kaiping, Enping, etc. Yi Ren Organization; "Oregon State Hall" for the new session, Heshan, the four Yi Ren components. In the ensuing decades, the Hall organizations change, but can cooperate. 1860 set up a "China Center", is a high-level autonomous organizations; inn now has eight, ningyang Hall, Oregon State Hall, Zhaoqing Hall, Huaxian County Hall, three-eup Hall, Yang and Hall, and the Hall , of which a maximum number ningyang been controlled "China Hall" director positions.

1852 ︰ Chinese began to flood the U.S. West Coast to San Francisco as the main port of entry, therefore, after the Chinese city of San Francisco is commonly known as the "big port." 1852 Chinese American population of the Census and Statistics twenty thousand twenty-five names, mostly miners, scattered throughout the province pockets Bucharest to 一八七○ years, accounting for three percent plus provincial miner population.

1854 Chinese miners︰ Canadian government to impose a "foreign miners tax"; such tax accounting for half of total government revenue.
Federal Court of Appeal decision in court without legal status of Chinese, the case can not testify about whites.

1855 ︰ Yung Wing graduated from Yale University in the east, received bachelor's degree, for the first pick a university degree in the United States Chinese.

1858 ︰ Canadian provincial legislation against Chinese immigrants, the federal court case of violation of this province sentenced Federal Constitution null and void.

1860 ︰ "China Hall" (commonly known as the "Big Six" - Six Companies) was established in San Francisco, Cantonese Chinese descent place (Hall) organization, becoming the top leadership of the Chinese community autonomy.

In the same year, plus the provincial education department implemented the policy of apartheid, does not allow children of other races the same school with white children. This policy was abolished to 1947.
Except when the Chinese miners, we are equally heavily involved in land reclamation, farming, fishing, shrimping, light handicraft processing, laundry, food and other industries.

1862 ︰ federal government banned "coolie" (Coolie) labor immigration. Laborers as indentured labor, subject to this limit.

1863 ︰ laborers to join "the more the State Railroad"
(Transcontinental Railroad) rail road construction work. Tens of thousands of Chinese laborers to join the ranks, contributed to the laying work completed one year earlier - May 10, 1869 to complete.

1867 ︰ five thousand laborers laying on strike to demand pay and better benefits; unsuccessful strike would return to work less than in January. During road construction, laborers casualties very public. Was reported, according to a八七○, road construction laborers buried after death, tidying up the bones of reburial has twenty thousand pounds is huge. Of which approximately one thousand two hundred bones Repatriation Chinese hometown for burial.

1868 ︰ United States signed "Burlingame Treaty" (Burlingame Treaty), labor reciprocity in trade, the introduction of a large number of laborers to join the work of building the railway network.
In the same year, the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution declaring all who are native born American citizen.

1870 ︰ Canadian province persons accused of flooding the size of the town prostitute, through the "Pui Chi legislation" (PageLaw), prohibits corrupting women into the Canadian province; Chinese women have proven to be decent women are allowed to enter the country.

Urban industrial inputs such as Chinese began making shoes, garments, making tobacco (snow wars), etc., within a few years in San Francisco became the commanding general of these industries, causing whites jealous. Meanwhile, the east coast of the recession, the more the state opening of the railway, the east coast of the influx of white workers unemployed Canadian provinces and other provinces of the West Bank, was saturated. Where the nature of anti-Chinese violence in the United States have appeared throughout the West, including ︰ 1862, plus provincial Yuba County (Yuba) eighty-eight Chinese were killed; 1871, City of Los Angeles (Los Angeles) Chinatown Chinese were massacred; 1877, Ole Gang Province (Oregon) Snake River (Snake River) Chinese miners killed; 1880, Colorado province (Colorado) Dan City (Denver) were Caucasian arson Chinatown burned, Chinese expelled; 1885, Huaiao Ming provinces (Wyoming) Rock Springs (Rock Spring) massacre, the Chinese very public death. 1885-1888, Washington Province (Washington) Seattle (Seattle) Exclusion atrocities occurred twice, the Chinese expelled to leave the city throughout.

Exclusion laws expressly style action, San Francisco, the most intense, one thousand eight hundred and seventy years of the Chinese exclusion laws promulgated by the municipal government are many, which include -
"Footpath case" ︰ prohibit the use of Chinese Tam pick;
"Theater case" ︰ prohibits staged opera;
"pigtail case" ︰LiubianZi who pay to pay "pigtail tax";
"Laundry case" ︰ laundry shop there every carriage carrying persons Tax season two yuan; without carriage by quarterly tax fifteen yuan (year Chinese laundry industry, the use of Tam pick).

In the same year, plus the provincial government reiterated "alien" is not the same school education policy does not allow "alien" and white children the same school.

1872 ︰ Canadian province references colonial era (1661) prohibited intermarriage, 1906 in this case, including the Chinese, in this case until after the war in 1948 was annulled.

1875 ︰ from the federal government through the Canadian province of the "Tony Chi Act" (Page Act), Chinese women have a decent women's proof before being allowed entry; otherwise treated as prostitutes, are not allowed to enter the country.

A Chinese planters, Minga Bing (Bing), breeding new species planted cherries, cherry this new species named "Bing kinds Cherry", which is now sold on the U.S. market cherries.

1877 ︰ Caucasian Workers' Party issued a row of Chinese slogan ︰ "Chinese get out!" (Chinese MustGo!)Advocated rejection Chinese, these activities to San Francisco as a base.

Canadian government set up the new legislation, not consented to return the remains of Chinese Tangshan consignment private burial.
1879 ︰ Canadian government through the second (revised) plus provincial constitution. Which expressly discredit Chinese, said the Chinese as "persona non grata" (undesirable), and to support Canadian municipalities throughout the province can be excluded from the Chinese.

1882 ︰ West provinces by the federal government, Mr pressure, through an unprecedented race discrimination legislation "Chinese Exclusion Act" (Chinese Exclusion Act). Expressly prohibited immigrant laborers and their dependents, Chinese immigrants are not eligible to become naturalized citizens. Act is valid for ten years. Tangshan, located next to the pier in San Francisco examine immigration of Chinese immigration station.

1884 ︰ federal court ruled that the U.S. reserves the right to reside in the United States Peranakan; addition to punishment for crime outside can not be deported.

Register for an identity certificate (commonly known as "book paper"), immigration officials and police officers raided at any time (commonly known as "search volume" or "search"), there is no proof paper who make illegal theory, according to deportation. Chinese community uproar; Chinese Association, headed leadership boycott Sign-up, very successful first year; following year, becoming the Chinese paper book collection to preserve lives in the U.S..

Exclusion of various measures have been implemented ten years later, the Chinese diaspora to give up early and intensive lifestyle residence, neighborhood watch. Downtown San Francisco Chinese gathered the most dense, "Little Canton" (Little Canton) said; that is, today's Chinatown.

Employment opportunities for the Chinese exclusion, withdrew from the city-based processing industry, multi-operating groceries, laundry, restaurants and other small businesses.

Federal High Court ruled that the U.S. native-born ethnic Chinese enjoy constitutional protection, rights and interests of its citizens is inviolable.

1885 San Francisco Chinese court ︰ EDB discrimination against ethnic Chinese students, the winner; but the district set up a "Equal isolation" (Separate but Equal)-style public schools, said, "Far East Public School" (Oriental Public School), specifically Asian students enrolled, still does not allow Chinese and whites the same school.

1886 ︰ Chinese community in San Francisco, began to organize Chinese schools, foster infants, children Zujia Wen of China. Said the beginning as "Jinshan West School", 1888 restructuring, the fate of the "Great Qing College"; Mannequin as lifts, scholar, granted classics, philosophers and other traditional literary history collection. 1908 renamed "Great Qing diaspora small public school", named after the Republic of Change "Chinese school."

1888 ︰ federal government promulgated the "Scott Act" (Scott Act), more than 20,000 valid proof of laborers returning back to the United States when the United States refused entry by this bill.

1892 ︰ federal government "Chinese Exclusion Act" deferred years and report to the Government Decree of all Chinese.

1900 Federal High Court ︰︰ Chinese merchants wife dependents have the right to come to America. However, the implementation of this decision to 1924, new immigration cases were rejected.

1902 ︰ federal government then passed a bill further extensions "Chinese Exclusion Act" prohibited immigrant laborers.

In 1904 the federal government announced an indefinite ︰ implementation of the "Chinese Exclusion Act." The following year Chinese coastal trading port led boycott of the patriotic movement.
1906 ︰ Canadian government through the "Alien Land Laws" (Alien Land Law). Prohibit aliens (those without U.S. citizenship) province in Canada before the purchase of land or land purchased resale and aliens. Subsequently West provinces have implemented this legislation, exclusion without citizenship Asians. This legislation is to 一九四○ years before abolished.

San Francisco is the annual April 18 earthquake, the city government archives were destroyed, many Chinese took the opportunity to receive an identity card to the native citizens.

1909 ︰ Chinese Feng nine successful flight as in the U.S. West Coast, as the first Chinese flight home, then back to the motherland, the crash killed.

1910 ︰ USCIS decided to stop using the pier next to the city of San Francisco Tangshan immigration station to plug escape and Chinese officials corruption events. Immigration station moved to Angel Island in San Francisco Bay, and since three decades, Angel Island were Chinese immigrants must pass through. Chinese use the term "cabin" as the immigration station known.

1915 ︰ "homologous Council" was established, subject to Chinese American Citizens fight for civil rights. One thousand nine hundred and ten years early, "fake paper" approach procedures for a great number of Chinese immigrants, immigration immigration trial confessions were also strict way to deal with all incoming Chinese, to promote the "confessions book," the popular, became a special Chinese immigrated to the U.S. procedures and coping.

1917 ︰Since then onwards, adult immigrants the United States, to be tried in English, the subject in a non-English speaking countries ban Asian immigration. Way as to correspond to the Chinese youth (under 18 years) for immigrants subject, in the future, the vast majority of Chinese immigrants are not more than eighteen years of age.

1918 ︰ federal circuit court sentenced Chinese American born children of foreign citizens are entitled to enter the United States, entitled American civil rights.

1922 ︰ Congress through the "base Paul Act" (Cable Act); American women citizens without citizenship if qualified aliens with marriage, that lost their civil rights. (Native Chinese and overseas Chinese female intermarriage, which lose their citizenship.)
 
1924 ︰︰ new immigration bill passed by Congress in the United States as a national ethnic population as immigration quotas, China, Japan and other countries without quotas, this Act does prohibit all Asian women are entering the United States. Gender inequality in Chinese society, more obvious, vulgar call "bachelor society" (Bachelor's Society).

1927 Supreme Court judgment ︰︰ civil rights, pass by the father and child; but you can not pass Sun God. Namely ︰ grandfather for citizens, foreign-born son to the United States must obtain citizenship, grandson qualify references to its father's civil rights to the United States.

1942 ︰ United States joined the war in the Pacific Asia region, many Chinese were called military service. When the U.S. military is still apartheid, a series of Chinese Army soldiers serving in the European theater. In addition, there are ethnic Chinese and later the U.S. military, in Kunming, China, Myanmar and other regional service.
That year, Congress passed a bill, the U.S. military service who have become naturalized American citizen interests (proof of service are loyal to the state).

1943 ︰ Congress in November passed a bill to remove the "Chinese Exclusion Act." Allocated each year one hundred and five Chinese immigration quotas and allow Chinese immigrants naturalized American.
During the war, remittances interrupted audio sever hometown, Chinese and Xiang Zi family live in the U.S. per capita excruciating.

1947 ︰ amended in 1946 of the "War Brides Act" (War Bride), to allow his wife to the United States Department of Veterans Chinese, are not subject to quota restrictions. Chinese women immigrants in the United States is the surge. Two or three years, more than six thousand Chinese women to the United States.

1950 ︰ "refugee" status of the Chinese, including the retention of international students in the United States, the Chinese-Chinese diplomatic personnel increased.

Liquidation U.S. Route McCarthy era communist rise, the Chinese accused of being loyal to the United States will not be alien, after the Chinese Communist Party rule, coupled with the KMT in the Chinese American community to eliminate dissidents, resulting in the Chinese community and the Chinese people have been subjected to government surveillance surveys.

Korean War broke out, the Chinese are considered peripheral commie suspects, more obvious.

1953 ︰ within three years to 1956, China Chinese-American immigrants can apply for refugee status, quota, many stranded in the United States and the diplomatic personnel of Chinese intellectuals have turned into refugees, and later re- naturalization.

1955 ︰E.Drumwright American Consul-General to report to Congress, accused the Chinese for decades to deceive the USCIS to "fake paper" approach impostor interests of foreign-born citizens emigrated to the U.S., suggesting that this approach include unidentified Chinese commie infiltration, including, endangering U.S. national security. This report extends the harassment of the Chinese community, which makes the Chinese community utter confusion, panic.

In the same year, the U.S. government reached an agreement with the Chinese community, to develop "confessed" policy to allow non-communist parties confess their "fake paper" identity, that there is no suspicion corrected, you can stay the United States. This measure was implemented until 1969 termination. Many Chinese take this opportunity to correct identity. But many native families, grandfathers "false paper" to the United States, there is no need for corrections and did not participate.

1959 Friends ︰ Hawaiian ethnic Kuang Liang was elected to become the first Chinese Congress members.

Taiwan , Hong Kong Chinese students, better Jiucheng upon graduation Settled in the United States.

1960 ︰ American Civil Rights Movement (Civil Rights Movement) the rise of the United States leads the late sixties ethnic self-awareness movement fighting residence, employment, schooling and other equal treatment. Asian American Studies, also at this time in the West Bank (plus provincial) key universities was born, becoming the ethnic studies courses.

Hong Kong in May 1962 ︰appear refugees, the U.S. government special permit asylum fifteen thousand Chinese refugees.

1965 ︰ new immigration bill passed by Congress, the abolition of the proportion of ethnic quotas. Each country twenty thousand immigrants are entitled to an annual quota. After the implementation of this new bill, the abolition of discrimination in the old Asian immigration policy. Chinese immigrants surge.

1974 ︰ Chinese schoolchildren sued the city of San Francisco City Bureau of Education improperly, the Federal High Court sentenced Chinese victory, Decree campus update new immigrants education, contributed to campuses across the United States began to focus on bilingual education, counseling immigrant children to learn English .
The late seventies, Hong Kong Taiwan capital began to flow into the United States. Notably in the West Bank, with the Chinese-American Civil Rights Movement, also started active in the political circles. State of factions in the Chinese community organizations have also been made apparent united front activities.

1990 ︰ new immigration bill passed by Congress to increase the immigration quotas, the only focus is professional, scientific and technological personnel qualifications. And set up a special quota and the Hong Kong Chinese, as with the advent of 1997 and so on.

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