George Hall (George W. Hall) was white, was convicted of the murder of Chinese miners Nevada Ling Sing ( LingXin transliteration ) , the three Chinese testified, was condemned to death. California Supreme Court ruling Chinese testimony invalid, Hauer was acquitted .

Case by the California Supreme Court Justice Murray (Justice Ch. J. Murray) announced the majority opinion. He said that because the Chinese people are more inferior race, limited intellectual development, but also in language, opinions, color, and physical distinct with whites, and whites can not divide, and therefore not entitled to witness the end of the life of any U.S. citizen, and more right to participate in the U.S. government affairs .

The Judgment extends the 1850 Code of Criminal Procedure which provides that in California: black, mulatto and white sole property of the Indians do not permit. Since then, the "Indians" are defined to include Chinese; "Negro" is defined to include all non-whites. Case makes the whites of violence against the Chinese can not be prosecuted, resulting in bilateral relations more tense, indirectly led to the 1877 anti-Chinese riots in San Francisco  .

1877 years, thousands of people to protest in front of San Francisco City Hall railway companies to reduce wages and abusive Chinese, because Chinese workers willing to accept lower wages. Mob gathered 500 people in an attempt to burn China Town, while the San Francisco police force is only 150 people. At that time 30 were riding police arrived from a Chinese laundry, another to stop the mob arson. Finally the police organized a 5000 -bit public voluntary team in San Francisco, all of them with an ax, the expulsion of the mob, successfully protected the Chinese city, the railway company also gave up on the wage cut .

1873 in California Code of Civil Procedure to modify, discontinue all about non-whites do not permit laws.