Since 1860 ,what are the reasons for Chinese immigrants com
USINFO | 2013-10-24 14:35

 

In 1840, they have to catch a boat across the waves of the Pacific Ocean, came to the United States. Today, they multiply the jet, in ten hours of flight, arrived at a new life.
 
150 years, the Chinese this endless stream to achieve the American dream, just as other immigrants in this country. They participate in a unique and dramatic story, intertwined with the struggle and the victory of progress and frustration ﹑﹑﹑ segmentation and assimilation discrimination and achievements. It has crossed the two cultural systems in the history books as the stage for a warm.

Bill Moyers ﹑ series filmmaker Thomas Lennon and film production team includes series of clips Ruby Yang program producer Joseph Angier ﹑﹑ Steve Cheng and Mi Ling Tsui wait to explore this wonderful part of American history, and various surface quality on the U.S. Chinese myth.

'Become Americans: Chinese Experience' to two U.S. landmark bill is the backbone of the first two films: 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act Federal (Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882) - U.S. first ever banned particular racial or nationalities of the immigrants; followed by the Immigration Reform Act of 1965 (Immigration Reform Act of 1965) - a way to record the number of Asians and non-European immigrants to reopen the door.

This history through interviews with historians who ﹑ early descendants of immigrants and new immigrants interview to render.

Third film will return to modern times, not only examines the lives of new immigrants from China, also explored this has gone through several generations of Chinese descent status. Of these respondents, the identity and status of their experience in the United States must carefully consider the focus.

 'Become Americans: Chinese Experience', a Bill Moyers movie will be March 25 to March 27, three consecutive nights nine to ten thirty (Eastern Time) premiered at PBS (please check the program schedules around).

The great melting pot in the United States, the United States always need to face some kind of deviation Chinese concept: because of their race is different, so is considered 'perpetual foreigner' instead of entirely American. When Bill Moyers was a young assistant to the president, he had stood at the foot of the Statue of Liberty, witnessed President Johnson (Lyndon Johnson) signed the 1965 immigration bill. 'Because this bill, I saw Americans complexion gradually changing, because our country has since attracted millions of new immigrants.

 In my mind, also played a controversial issue, 'Bill Moyers said,' After all, for those of us who have already taken root, there are those who continue to come to the new immigrants in terms of psychological and life, become The exact meaning of the human what? When we view through the lens of the experience of Chinese immigrants, but also amplifies these issues relate to American prospects. ' the first paragraph - Jinshan Dream legitimate mid-nineteenth century South China hit by constant war and famine, rumors about the California Gold Rush also floated the province's coastal ports.

Many young people think they can get rich in America, and this dream becomes an irresistible appeal. In order to make a living is to find a new world, rather than a new home, they are eagerly anticipating the ground the boat across the Pacific Ocean, hope that their hard work and many sacrifices can earn a better life for his family, but I hope someday clothing Jinrong return to his hometown.

In the western United States frontier of opportunities but also perilous. These Chinese immigrants not only against the United States in the nineteenth century, racial discrimination, social atmosphere, they have to overcome their traditional culture Pondering one dream. Most of them lived a bachelor's life, family, far away in the horizon, but they can not afford to travel in their hometowns, these Chinese men will gradually cut off by their own society out.
 
Series filmmaker Thomas Lennon in the past produced a number of film explores the history of American racial struggle, so the body is able to recognize Chinese immigrants in the process of becoming Americans experienced ambivalence. He said, 'There are too many stories about American race was the performance of a romantic angle Sadness, ramble all they who have been uneven. So we decided from the inside to the outside overall presentation of this story include: the motivation they had come to America arrived in America after ﹑ dilemma facing and how to clip themselves in a tug of war between the old and new world.

 'In the first video,' become Americans: Chinese Experience 'key historical light, recalling the Chinese public has long been forgotten significant contribution - to help the construction of the transcontinental railroad sections of the West Bank, and that the railway could be described as the nineteenth century great engineering feat. They farthest reaches of Idaho Oregon and other West Bank cities ﹑ new extension with the reclamation area, whites are not interested in economic activities found their opportunity.

Selling hot food from restaurants, supplies temporary child care services to help people laundry and other small business - all in the traditional sense is seen as' a woman's work 'services - these occupations to the general public on the Chinese produced a' Puyong 'stereotype, and this impression has continued to the present. United States until the late nineteenth century Chinese women immigrants still somewhat limited, so when a smaller number of Chinese women.

Not only that, whether it is a new piece of land, or their own native culture, do not give them enough opportunity and hope. Even after the Civil War, most of the Chinese women still slavery was brought into the United States, the fireworks pits and salons serve also from China's singles. To them, life is both cruel and oppressive - they not only are slaves, and poor ﹑ no status. When bullion yield less and less sluggish economy slowly enveloped the entire California economy, the Chinese immigrants began to violence, terror and discrimination faced by the wave. Itself immigration Denis Kearney, was one of the leaders exclusion laborers, he called on Americans rallied together to oppose these 'almond-eyed lepers'. A series of restrictive immigration rights and economic opportunities legislation and regulations in national and local government grows increasingly hot, this strong anti-China wave may even turn into one of the demands of the presidential campaign.

Finally, in 1882 the U.S. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act. This landmark bill is U.S. immigration policy is an important turning point. Chinese American historian L.Ling-chi Wang pointed out that 'in 1882 before the United States would like to come here and have always maintained an open policy - we welcome everyone! Only a small group of people is to legislate against immigrants, including prostitutes﹑ leprosy patients and mentally handicapped persons: In 1882, Chinese people have been added to the unpopularity of the list. ' second - two of the world in 1882 is not only the Chinese Exclusion Act prohibits entry or laborers to join the United States or become citizens, but also opened a Chinese American history in the most violent ten years.

When the Chinese pushed to the discernment of the dead without care, the attacker ﹑ arson and murder have become their never-ending round of nightmares.

The 'become Americans: Chinese Experience' is the second clip, showing a Chinese American subsequent difficult years - they are in some kind of critical border, neither their own country, but also by new national disenfranchised. They found a city in China hiding place, in this isolated little world to seek some sense of security and brotherly companionship. At that time, only a small number of Chinese women through Chinese customs and laws of the United States to come, so the Chinese are mostly men, not in the establishment of the family. With the old ﹑ disease and death have come in these early immigrants, the Chinese American population is drastically reduced, even to the point of disappearing trace. Fortunately, most Chinese are still not shaken their American life and values longing.

They thought of themselves in the United States can take advantage of the democratic system, the only tool - the court. They found that not only the United States Constitution protects citizens, but in every one people as objects. Therefore, they boldly put forward more than ten thousand or more lawsuits against harassment and repression of those who designed the Chinese law and practice.

 When Wong Kim Ark, a twenty-year-old chef was born in San Francisco to court to require that they have been treated as citizens, the Chinese laws and regulations in the fight against discrimination, won a decisive victory. Moyers said, 'Through this case, they have the Supreme Court to remind the Government that the Fourteenth Amendment's definition is not fake - was born in the United States, is American.

 ' 1906 San Francisco earthquake occurred, not only ignited a burning log fire to most immigrants, but also prohibit the entry of Chinese laborers out of a burning high on the wall gap, allowing the Chinese to bring into the United States more Chinese people before come here.
Because undocumented to be investigated, Chinese in America can claim to be born in the United States, and then get citizenship. In this way, they can justifiably put away in Chinese children into the United States. Many Chinese-Americans are involved in an ingeniously was widely popular scam - claimed 'paper son'.
 
They claim to be the child of a Chinese father and provide the necessary paperwork to help these children immigrated to the United States. However, all across the Pacific to San Francisco ﹑ destined for Chinese people must go through the challenges of Angel Island, in the process of ratification wait a long time until they can enter the United States.

Unlike New York, Ellie Island, always the majority of the fast-track approval to European immigration; located in the San Francisco Bay Angel Island Immigration Station is a long-term detention of Chinese immigrants. Strict immigration station on their personal inventory, including a detailed description of his hometown of Chinese daily habits of family life family history of important occasions and other personal information, etc., and then determine whether they are claimed by their relatives in the United States truly relatives or just a fake.
Ark Chin recalls, 'I was ten years old, the whole was brought into the interrogation room was old Fan - that is, lo - the experience of cross-examination, I am simply overwhelmed. Thousands of Chinese must go through several months of isolation and waiting, many of whom have been fruitless wait for the repatriation of Chinese people. 'China faces many immigrants although obstruction, but they yearn for the U.S. economy strong chance - and immigrants from other countries - still call them overcome their hardships, to the United States.
 
They found that the culture here and the Chinese traditional culture when there is a conflict. American freedom ﹑ American ideas and attitudes inspired Chinese women and young people - they start on their own traditional patriarchal culture of questioning and defiance, many immigrant families are therefore in a state of tension. For many people, struggling to become Americans and conflict is derived from his own house.

Jade Snow Wong recalled her father solemnly in the case of opposition, decided to conduct his first appointments of the past: 'Father is very, very angry, because it was the first time I talk back to him. But I still desperate to go out, it can be regarded as the Declaration of Independence my right!

' third - persist in the end of World War II, in order to bring important Chinese Americans turn. In the war of resistance against Japan, China has become America's most staunch ally. Suddenly, Chinese Americans found themselves embraced by American politics, this is also the Chinese Exclusion Act repealed. Chinese immigrants men and women, united into factory work ﹑ military service and they are familiar with some of the industry prior to adequate readiness resources.

With this wave of mainstream society to work together with the United States, racial divide is gradually fading. However, not until the late sixties through the Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Immigration Reform Act, the USA and China talent really began to move towards the peak period of American life.

 'Become Americans: Chinese experience' of third movie will focus on the Chinese people during this period of the individual story. When the legal obstacles removed, the matter has been living in this Chinese family for generations, or the influx of a group of young ﹑ positive new immigrants have gone through a process of truly struggling Americans.

A writer and university professor Shawn Wong, in the year of the growth process, like many American youth, to Roy Rogers, and Willie Mays is on par example.

 'My mother said to me: "We are Chinese, you are Chinese American."' He recalled, with a smile: 'I do not understand what that means. I could not tell what is the difference between the two. ' Inspired by the civil rights movement, the past thirty years to authors and promoters of social movements Helen Zia and many other Chinese Americans, it is a period of political awakening period.

They built a new identity concept - Asian Americans. At first, whether it is Chinese American , Korean or Japanese, Filipino descendants of immigrants of this concept are quite unfamiliar.

At this time, occurred in the murder of Vincent Chin in Detroit, in the development of a pan-Asian identity, and played a crucial role. The late seventies, the United States a large number of imported Japanese cars, indirectly causing the local auto industry layoffs result, the community has a strong starting rotation hatred towards Japan. At that time, a Chinese American Vincent Chin, to celebrate their upcoming wedding  in a small bar in Detroit held in bachelor party, he was in the bar two white Americans mistakenly believe that the Japanese.

This two whites and Vincent Chen from a quarrel, and followed him to leave the bar, he was beaten to death in the dark. These two attackers admitted manslaughter charges, but only received a suspended sentence and three thousand seven hundred and twenty U.S. dollars in fines and court fees. This event provoked the anger of Asian Americans, they rose up in protest, together with actions to support Asian Americans increasingly robust political force.

Many Chinese parents are urging their children on schoolwork on top, one for traditional cultural emphasis on education, two to realize that education is for their children to succeed in this most promising avenues. Yahoo (Yahoo!) One of the founders Jerry Yang, the mother had been demanding memorize vocabulary dictionary, but also be drawn to ask. Studied at the Stanford School of Medicine Jean Tang then remembered his mother, but had only got B and tears. Striving for the American life when, Jean Tang's parents operated a children's clothing store, year-round hard work.

When Tang was a little girl, had been shouldering the responsibility to improve the family situation. This is rooted in the Chinese Confucian family tradition and progress in power, might explain why the Chinese in the United States to achieve such a remarkable achievement, as well as their impact on American culture and the economy gradually increased influence, and for them, and other Asian won the 'model minority' beauty number.

They are honored, they mixed with anxiety, because this stereotype is actually ambiguous Chinese Americans faced a variety of situations - Chinese elite education institution in the U.S. Though the number of the highest proportion far beyond the outside; but Chinatown sweater shop work and busy no time to learn English, let alone help children prepare assignments and also a lot of people working parents.

Chinese immigrants in American history the image of the constantly changing, until now. The only constant is to be treated as a foreigner. Born in Saint Louis Michelle Ling, is often considered to be outsiders with the concept of struggle. She Moyers said: 'I'm an American, but always was for other people and become Americans. 'Moyers asked her why, she bluntly responded:' I do not know. You are white, you should know better than me now!

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