The Jewish History Museum, formerly known as the Jewish Heritage Center of the Southwest is a museum housed in an historic synagogue building in Tucson, Arizona. The museum's building, which housed the first synagogue in the Arizona Territory, is the oldest synagogue building in the state.

The Center is housed in the Stone Avenue Temple, built in 1910 by Temple Emanu-El, then called the Hebrew Benevolent Society. The historic synagogue is a brick structure designed by architect Ely Blount. Blount blended a pedimented, pilastered Greek revival facade with rounded windows and twin towers in Rundbogenstil style. In 1937 the building was covered with stucco. The original stained-glass windows have been lost. The building is listed in on the National Register of Historic Places. Efforts to preserve the synagogue garnered national attention when it received the National Preservation Honor Award from the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

The Museum was created in 2005 by the merger of the Historic Stone Avenue Temple with the Jewish Historical Society of Southern Arizona.
In addition to its permanent collection, the Museum hosts exhibitions, lectures and religious events such as Bar Mitzva services.