U.S. railroad laborers
U.S. Chinatown leaders, whose power source is not political prestige, but their wealth and who have the money borrowed force.

Chinese initial economic take-off, not by means of ordinary American society specialized occupations, but based on their business activities in Chinatown. Chinese can not get U.S. banks and other financial institutions generally working capital, but this does not prevent the rise of Chinese enterprises.

Today's Chinese-American, on the revenue side is better than the average American, and higher occupational status. 1/4 Chinese-American employment in the field of scientific and technical work.Although the United States has been historically have not encountered any immigration most serious discrimination and violence, the Chinese still rose to the position today.

"Overseas Chinese" exists is a worldwide phenomenon, from large areas of Southeast Asia to the Caribbean have their trail, only part of Chinese Americans. As of 1930, more than 800 million Chinese people have been uprooted, moved to the country. Overseas Chinese in these extremely poor people in the local community, often successfully become shopkeepers, merchants and banks boss, causing the local people for their jealousy, political persecution and harassment of sporadic violence, with the Jews in Europe suffered exactly the same long-term . Chinese people often referred to as "Asia's Jews." Overseas Chinese occupation and the Jews are very similar, they come in many different countries where live their own independent cultural and social life, this is also the same as the Jews. Chinese people's skills and organizational skills, so that they become valuable in many poor countries, foreign households, while his family was rich and that they may become a political hit on the object. Therefore, the governments of these countries on the Chinese attitude has been to both love and hate them. Many Latin American countries on China's attitude towards immigrants, has always been a sometimes encouraging, sometimes limited. Between 1966, the Solomon Islands Government on whether to expel all Chinese issues debated. In Indonesia and Mexico, have occurred on the Chinese massacre. Currently in Malaysia, there are still an employment quota system to limit Chinese as a minority find the ideal work or other economic development opportunities in order to shield the local Malays. Many of the Vietnamese Communist takeover after being driven out of the "boat people" are ethnic Chinese.

Overseas Chinese-American force in the world has always been a tiny part. Their experiences clearly demonstrate that they had brought their culture and the environment in the United States between the two interactions. Nation's long history and culture can be traced back thousands of years before the birth of Christ. China has been in a very long period of time has been the world economy, technology and social organization the most advanced countries. China in the 11th century reached the level of economic development, any European country before the 18th century failed to catch up. The oldest surviving a printed book, is the 9th century AD in China printed out. China's iron work earlier than Europe in 1000. In the 10 to 12 century Song, China will have a steel industry, with an annual output of  iron over one hundred thousand tons. Mark? Polo in China found a city with a population of 2 million, while the residents of the largest city in Europe at that time no more than  50,000. Between the 16th century, China still has the world's highest standards of living.

Overseas Chinese and the emergence and decline of this great civilization is relevant. Both from the beginning of the Ming Dynasty.Filled by the reform-minded intellectuals dominated government, the economy and society, especially for large-scale enterprises, the implementation of full control. In the Ming Dynasty ruled last century, the Chinese people began to drain, the formation of the first Chinese communities considerable scale. These overseas Chinese skills and organizational skills, so that they can be popular everywhere, but exacerbated by China's decline and poverty. Chinese modern history a big irony is that the Chinese people in the world can become rich, but they are in the country but were impoverished.

Chinese emigrated to America before World War II, mostly from a province in southern China, namely Guangdong Province. Moreover, their origin is very concentrated, mostly in Guangdong Province, one of seven regions in Taishan. Regional differences in China such a big country, and this is very important. The original language of the batch of Chinese-American Taishan dialect, similar to Cantonese, but the universal language and Chinese stray so far away, so difficult to communicate with each other. Despite a long time, China's written language is the same, but the difference between spoken quite large, there are many mutually unintelligible dialects of each other. Moved to the U.S. after World War II general speak Mandarin Chinese, which in their own and original Chinese Americans formed between a language barriers.

And Italy, as its origins in China localism terrain.Mountains and hills dividing the country.Its two major rivers - the Yellow River north and south of the Yangtze River - valley very different. Chinese people stage a same race, but that did not prevent them which according to their area of operation with the language and the cultural background, to see themselves as different ethnic groups. Chinese people it is extremely volatile and violent legacy of history, that is loyal to their family home, be regarded as the only person you can rely on destination. Vow to repay the debt of blood to the family of the enemy, is a long and deeply rooted in Chinese tradition, this is also the case in Italy with like.

In modern China, local and central government weakness, leading to a variety of autonomous centers of power and violence, such as family, warlords and secret society, modern Chinese secret society organizations, or "Church", as the Mafia in southern Italy, was once oppressed resistance and retaliation alien warlord forces, won widespread popular support, but they also become specialized in extortion criminals. These secret societies or the Church, including the Chinese-American to become the overseas Chinese communities, including a common feature.

Chinese came to America with another feature of Chinese culture, but respect for knowledge. The Chinese imperial era, thousands of years have passed examinations to the selection of education and its civilian officials, learned men respected. Chinese-American experience of several generations in the United States and the time to take advantage of higher education, but before the arrival of the opportunity, they would have been well prepared. While China as a whole, in the past was mainly an agricultural country, but the region of Taishan in Guangdong Province is a mountainous and barren place, there is no agriculture. Where people generally engaged in trade, acts as an intermediary, a salesman and businessman. Many people to Hong Kong, where he met Europeans, and that discovery of gold in California in 1849 the news. Has really curious coincidence, thus the beginning of Chinese migration to the United States.

The first generation Chinese immigrants
Many Chinese contract workers or as a Chinese-American organizations rely on to borrow money came to the United States, these organizations in the United States against Chinese serve as a supervisory role. And others who are completely unfamiliar with the language and culture of American immigrants, Chinese laborers often by their own countrymen in a collective work under the supervision. Although the Chinese people than Americans skinny body, but in agriculture, railway construction and other heavy manual labor aspect is able to endure hardship. Moreover, they require low salary, frugal life, from the Americans think is meager income save money. It is these qualities, making the Chinese people were whites as competitors, their hate and fear.

To 1851, California has 25 000 Chinese. By 1870, there were 63 000 Chinese in the United States, almost all located in the west coast. In 1880, there were approximately 60 000 Chinese came to the United States; 1881, joining the United States has again doubled; 1882, increased by 4 times. Later, a rejection of the Chinese people to immigration law, the Chinese inflows in 1890 thousands of people have been down under in 1890 rose to 1,716 people.

The original Chinese immigrants are almost always male. This is the case in other races that moved to the U.S. only tentative, rather than permanent. Many people are immigrants so much as it is Sojourner. Early Chinese to the United States, about half have not eased down. 1880, the Chinese figures from the United States into the United States over the figures. This is partly because they made money in the United States already has the intention to return, in part because the United States is not a pleasant experience caused.

The attitude of Americans towards Chinese immigrants are harsh and sometimes brutal. Chinese is neither white, but not Christians. In time, this two indispensable, no matter which one is enough to constitute a fatal weakness. Chinese appearance, dress, diet is different, and followed for Americans completely unfamiliar customs. Whether culturally or physically, they are seen as not capable of being assimilated race. Americans view them as competitors because they can be hard, wages are low, will reduce the living standards of American workers. American unions long spared no effort to stand in the forefront of exclusion of Chinese immigrants, ethnic Chinese residents out of the United States wants. 1885 a coal mine in Wyoming, laborers were massacred because of the strike. Only the most weight, and the lowest dirtiest work under just give them dry. Laying through California, across the Sierra Mountains of Utah backward people of that part of the Pacific Central Railroad tracks labor, mostly Chinese. Those trying to gold Chinese, all of them are white western United States to the gold camp sent packing. In 1885, a Chinese community in California, due to the threat of force mob, all forced to leave. Almost at the same time, Washington cities of Seattle and Dake Ma also get rid of the local Chinese people. Similar incidents in Vancouver and Alaska also occurred.

Remove these striking persecution, the occasional harassment is a common phenomenon. Cut Chinese man dragged behind a long braids, is a very fashionable prank, which for those unfortunate Chinese man, the consequences are very serious. Because, according to the laws of the Manchu dynasty, no braids, they are not allowed to return home. Chinese immigrants arrived in San Francisco, often local street hooligans "escort" to Chinatown, the road was their "gratuitous insults and beatings, were thrown to broken bricks and rotten fruit, is simply a drunken Irishman carnival atmosphere." In these harassment after, it is always possible more serious threat of violence, the white mob on the West Coast and the Rocky Mountain region, from time to time burning and looting Chinatown, wherever killing innocent people. 1871 in Los Angeles, a group of white thugs shot and killed overnight hanged 20 or so Chinese.

In addition to being a rogue and street thugs attacked, the Chinese but also by decent class, another form of combat. 1882 of the "Chinese Exclusion Act" greatly reduced the number of Chinese immigrants to the United States, other new laws prohibiting first Chinese in America naturalized as a U.S. citizen, and then again engaged in a number of occupational citizenship as a prerequisite for even owning land. 1854 ~ 1874 with a law prohibiting Chinese people in court to provide testimony against whites, which is actually equal to publicly announce any abuse can be Chinese, the Chinese were looted, injuries and attacks, regardless of the law is.

Chinese immigrants to the United States almost completely closed the door, which gives the Chinese in the United States has had a profound disastrous consequences. Because the early Chinese immigrants almost all men, so the vast majority of Chinese descent in the United States to lead a normal social or family life on all dashed all hopes. Many Chinese in the country have wives and children, life is difficult to meet. As employment opportunities are strictly limited, and many people can not afford to return the money for the journey back to normal life. You can still travel to the United States arrived in America until after the hard labor to advance, but the U.S. home - is more than twice the distance to Europe - it is a very difficult task. Sojourner to the United States as many people, and it was permanently stuck in the United States. Others are intended to settle in the United States and his family, now can neither bring your family, I can not become a U.S. citizen, is really a dilemma.

Since the implementation of tougher immigration restrictions after smuggling Chinese people to the United States has become a big deal. Some people in order to migrants smuggled into the United States, but there are many women, some of whom become prostitutes. Into prostitution by some voluntarily, while others were forced out.

At that time there had been an idiom, called "Chinese guys are not necessarily an opportunity", meaning to say, things are hopeless.

China's experience in Hawaii, is much better than in the United States. Polynesians and whites at the beginning of friendly relations between the various ethnic, including mixed-race between the already created a more cordial atmosphere. Chinese immigrants particularly single men, leading them with Hawaiian woman marriage, while in the United States, Chinese and Caucasian woman in marriage socially and legally prohibited. 1884 Chinese population had Daxiaweiyi 22% of the population. In later years, the influx of people from other ethnic groups in Hawaii, thereby reducing the proportion of Chinese. 1898 Hawaii into the United States, the "Chinese Exclusion Act" also will extend to this territory.